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a0e1a12161
Both article images and section extraction were not working for wikipedia oneboxes, this commit fixes both and updates our spec fixture responses to use the new HTML
1059 lines
128 KiB
Text
1059 lines
128 KiB
Text
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr">
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<title>Billy Jack - Wikipedia</title>
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<script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy",
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"wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"f1e13315-3007-4f84-8fb4-f0072351fb62","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Billy_Jack","wgTitle":"Billy Jack","wgCurRevisionId":1275800009,"wgRevisionId":1275800009,"wgArticleId":966552,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1: unfit URL","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use American English from January 2025","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Use mdy dates from May 2024","Template film date with 1 release date","Articles with hAudio microformats","Album articles lacking alt text for covers","Rotten Tomatoes template using name parameter","Webarchive template wayback links","1971 films","Fictional Navajo people","Films about Native Americans",
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"Films shot in Arizona","Films shot in California","Films shot in New Mexico","Films about rape in the United States","Hapkido films","Hippie films","Prescott, Arizona","American vigilante films","Redsploitation","1970s vigilante films","Films directed by Tom Laughlin","1970s English-language films","1970s American films","Warner Bros. films"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Billy_Jack","wgRelevantArticleId":966552,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,
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"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q2027905","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready",
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"ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script>
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<script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"});
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}];});});</script>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022">
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<script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script>
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<meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content="">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022">
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<meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16">
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<meta name="referrer" content="origin">
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<meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin">
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<meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard">
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<meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no">
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<meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/48/Billy_Jack_poster.jpg">
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<meta property="og:image:width" content="1200">
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<meta property="og:image:height" content="1812">
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<meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/48/Billy_Jack_poster.jpg">
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<meta property="og:image:width" content="800">
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<meta property="og:image:height" content="1208">
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<meta property="og:image:width" content="640">
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<meta property="og:image:height" content="966">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=1120">
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<meta property="og:title" content="Billy Jack - Wikipedia">
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<meta property="og:type" content="website">
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<link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org">
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<link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Jack">
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<link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Billy_Jack&action=edit">
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<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png">
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<link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico">
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<link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)">
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<link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd">
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<link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Jack">
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<link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">
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<link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom">
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<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" />
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<link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org">
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</head>
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<body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Billy_Jack rootpage-Billy_Jack skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a>
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<div class="vector-header-container">
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<header class="vector-header mw-header">
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<div class="vector-header-start">
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<nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site">
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<div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" >
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<input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" >
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<label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span>
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<span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span>
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</label>
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<div class="vector-dropdown-content">
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||
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<div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container">
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<div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element">
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<div
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class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned"
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data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned"
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data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu"
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data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container"
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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container"
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>
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<div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div>
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<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button>
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<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button>
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</div>
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<div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" >
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<div class="vector-menu-heading">
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Navigation
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</div>
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<div class="vector-menu-content">
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<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
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<li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" >
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<div class="vector-menu-heading">
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Contribute
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</div>
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<div class="vector-menu-content">
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<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
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<li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</nav>
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<a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo">
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<img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50">
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<span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert">
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<img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;">
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<img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;">
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</span>
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</a>
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</div>
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<div class="vector-header-end">
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<div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box">
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<a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span>
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<span>Search</span>
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</a>
|
||
<div class="vector-typeahead-search-container">
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<div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width">
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<form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button">
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<div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved">
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<div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon">
|
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<input
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class="cdx-text-input__input"
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type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput"
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>
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<span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span>
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</div>
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<input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search">
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</div>
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<button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button>
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</form>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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||
|
||
<nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools">
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<div class="vector-user-links-main">
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||
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<div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" >
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<div class="vector-menu-content">
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<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" >
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<div class="vector-menu-content">
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<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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<nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance">
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||
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<div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" >
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<input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" >
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<label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span>
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<span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span>
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</label>
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||
<div class="vector-dropdown-content">
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||
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||
<div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container">
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||
</div>
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||
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||
</div>
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||
</div>
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||
|
||
</nav>
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||
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||
<div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" >
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||
<div class="vector-menu-content">
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||
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||
<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
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||
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||
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||
</ul>
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||
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||
</div>
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||
</div>
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||
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||
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||
<div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" >
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||
<div class="vector-menu-content">
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||
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||
<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
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||
<li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a>
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||
</li>
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||
<li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Billy+Jack" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a>
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||
</li>
|
||
<li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Billy+Jack" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a>
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||
</li>
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||
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||
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||
</ul>
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||
|
||
</div>
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||
</div>
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||
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||
</div>
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||
|
||
<div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" >
|
||
<input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" >
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||
<label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span>
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||
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<span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span>
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||
</label>
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||
<div class="vector-dropdown-content">
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||
|
||
|
||
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||
<div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" >
|
||
<div class="vector-menu-content">
|
||
|
||
<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
|
||
|
||
<li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Billy+Jack" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Billy+Jack" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li>
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||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
</div>
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||
</div>
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||
|
||
<div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" >
|
||
<div class="vector-menu-heading">
|
||
Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a>
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||
</div>
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||
<div class="vector-menu-content">
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||
|
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<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
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|
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<li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
|
||
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<div class="vector-sitenotice-container">
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<div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div>
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<div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container">
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|
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class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned"
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data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc"
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>
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<h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2>
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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1">
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<a href="#" class="vector-toc-link">
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<div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div>
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</a>
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<li id="toc-Plot"
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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded">
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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plot">
|
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<div class="vector-toc-text">
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<span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span>
|
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<span>Plot</span>
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</div>
|
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</a>
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<ul id="toc-Plot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded">
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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cast">
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<div class="vector-toc-text">
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<span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span>
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<span>Cast</span>
|
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</div>
|
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</a>
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<ul id="toc-Cast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded">
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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Box-office_and_critical_reception">
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<div class="vector-toc-text">
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<span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span>
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<span>Box-office and critical reception</span>
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</div>
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</a>
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<ul id="toc-Box-office_and_critical_reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
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<li id="toc-Accolades"
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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded">
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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accolades">
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<div class="vector-toc-text">
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<span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span>
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<span>Accolades</span>
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</div>
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</a>
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<ul id="toc-Accolades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
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<li id="toc-Sequels"
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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded">
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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sequels">
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<div class="vector-toc-text">
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<span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span>
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<span>Sequels</span>
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</div>
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</a>
|
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<ul id="toc-Sequels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
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<li id="toc-Soundtrack"
|
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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded">
|
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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soundtrack">
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||
<div class="vector-toc-text">
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<span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span>
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<span>Soundtrack</span>
|
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</div>
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<button aria-controls="toc-Soundtrack-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle">
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<span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span>
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<span>Toggle Soundtrack subsection</span>
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</button>
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<ul id="toc-Soundtrack-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
|
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<li id="toc-Reception"
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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception">
|
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<div class="vector-toc-text">
|
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<span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span>
|
||
<span>Reception</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
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<ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
|
||
</ul>
|
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</li>
|
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<li id="toc-Track_listing"
|
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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
|
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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Track_listing">
|
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<div class="vector-toc-text">
|
||
<span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span>
|
||
<span>Track listing</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<ul id="toc-Track_listing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
|
||
</ul>
|
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</li>
|
||
<li id="toc-Personnel"
|
||
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2">
|
||
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personnel">
|
||
<div class="vector-toc-text">
|
||
<span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span>
|
||
<span>Personnel</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<ul id="toc-Personnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
||
<li id="toc-Influence"
|
||
class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded">
|
||
<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influence">
|
||
<div class="vector-toc-text">
|
||
<span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span>
|
||
<span>Influence</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<ul id="toc-Influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
|
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</ul>
|
||
</li>
|
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<li id="toc-See_also"
|
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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded">
|
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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also">
|
||
<div class="vector-toc-text">
|
||
<span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span>
|
||
<span>See also</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</a>
|
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|
||
<ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
|
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</ul>
|
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</li>
|
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<li id="toc-References"
|
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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded">
|
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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References">
|
||
<div class="vector-toc-text">
|
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<span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span>
|
||
<span>References</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</a>
|
||
|
||
<ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
|
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</ul>
|
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</li>
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<li id="toc-External_links"
|
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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded">
|
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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links">
|
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<div class="vector-toc-text">
|
||
<span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span>
|
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<span>External links</span>
|
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</div>
|
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</a>
|
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|
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<ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list">
|
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</ul>
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<input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" >
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<label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span>
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<span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span>
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</nav>
|
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Billy Jack</i></h1>
|
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|
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<div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" >
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<input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 8 languages" >
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<label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-8" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span>
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<span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">8 languages</span>
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</label>
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<div class="vector-menu-content">
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<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
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<li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%83_(%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%85)" title="بيلي جاك (فيلم) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيلي جاك (فيلم)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Jack" title="Billy Jack – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Billy Jack" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DA%A9" title="بیلی جک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بیلی جک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Jack" title="Billy Jack – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Billy Jack" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%83" title="بيلى جاك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيلى جاك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Jack" title="Billy Jack – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Billy Jack" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%97%A5%E3%81%AE%E5%A3%81%E3%82%92%E3%81%B6%E3%81%A1%E7%A0%B4%E3%82%8C" title="明日の壁をぶち破れ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="明日の壁をぶち破れ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Jack" title="Billy Jack – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Billy Jack" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2027905#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div>
|
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|
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</div>
|
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</header>
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<div id="left-navigation">
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<nav aria-label="Namespaces">
|
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<div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" >
|
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<div class="vector-menu-content">
|
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|
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<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
|
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|
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<li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Jack" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Billy_Jack" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li>
|
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|
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</div>
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<div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" >
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</nav>
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</div>
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<div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible">
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<nav aria-label="Views">
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<ul class="vector-menu-content-list">
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<li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Jack"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billy_Jack&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billy_Jack&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li>
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<div
|
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class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned"
|
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data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned"
|
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data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools"
|
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data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container"
|
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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container"
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>
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<div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div>
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<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button>
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Actions
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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1971 film directed by Tom Laughlin</div>
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the album by honeyhoney, see <a href="/wiki/Billy_Jack_(album)" title="Billy Jack (album)">Billy Jack (album)</a>.</div>
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;">Billy Jack</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Billy_Jack_poster.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/48/Billy_Jack_poster.jpg/220px-Billy_Jack_poster.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/48/Billy_Jack_poster.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="257" data-file-height="388" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Theatrical release poster</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Directed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Laughlin" title="Tom Laughlin">Tom Laughlin</a><br /><small>(as T.C. Frank)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Written by</th><td class="infobox-data">Tom Laughlin<br /><small>(as Frank Christina)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Delores_Taylor" title="Delores Taylor">Delores Taylor</a><br /><small>(as Theresa Christina)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Produced by</th><td class="infobox-data">Tom Laughlin<br /><small>(as Mary Rose Solti)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Starring</th><td class="infobox-data">Tom Laughlin<br />Delores Taylor</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Cinematography</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fred_J._Koenekamp" title="Fred J. Koenekamp">Fred J. Koenekamp</a><br /><a href="/wiki/John_M._Stephens" title="John M. Stephens">John M. Stephens</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Edited by</th><td class="infobox-data">Larry Heath<br /><a href="/wiki/Marion_Rothman" title="Marion Rothman">Marion Rothman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Music by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mundell_Lowe" title="Mundell Lowe">Mundell Lowe</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Lambert" title="Dennis Lambert">Dennis Lambert</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Brian_Potter_(musician)" title="Brian Potter (musician)">Brian Potter</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Production<br />company</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="vertical-align: middle;">National Student Film Corporation</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Distributed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Release date</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist film-date">
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<ul><li>May 1, 1971<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1971-05-01</span>)</span></li></ul>
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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Running time</div></th><td class="infobox-data">114 minutes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">$800,000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Box office</th><td class="infobox-data">$32.5 million <small>(rentals)</small><sup id="cite_ref-NYT_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table>
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<p><i><b>Billy Jack</b></i> is a 1971 American <a href="/wiki/Action_film" title="Action film">action</a> <a href="/wiki/Drama_(film_and_television)" title="Drama (film and television)">drama</a> <a href="/wiki/Independent_film" title="Independent film">independent film</a>, the second of four films centering on a character of the same name which began with the movie <i><a href="/wiki/The_Born_Losers" title="The Born Losers">The Born Losers</a></i> (1967), played by <a href="/wiki/Tom_Laughlin" title="Tom Laughlin">Tom Laughlin</a>, who directed and co-wrote the script. Filming began in <a href="/wiki/Prescott,_Arizona" title="Prescott, Arizona">Prescott, Arizona</a>, in the fall of 1969, but the movie was not completed until 1971. <a href="/wiki/American_International_Pictures" title="American International Pictures">American International Pictures</a> pulled out, halting filming. <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Studios" title="20th Century Studios">20th Century Fox</a> came forward and filming eventually resumed but when that studio refused to distribute the film, <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> stepped forward.
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</p><p>Still, the film lacked distribution, so Laughlin booked it into theaters himself in 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film grossed $10 million in its initial run, but eventually added close to $50 million in its re-release,<sup id="cite_ref-Variety_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Variety-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with distribution supervised by Laughlin.
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</p>
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<meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" />
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billy_Jack&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Plot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
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<p>Billy Jack, a <a href="/wiki/Multiracial_people" title="Multiracial people">mixed-race</a> <a href="/wiki/Navajo" title="Navajo">Navajo</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Special_Forces" title="United States Army Special Forces">Green Beret</a> <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> <a href="/wiki/Veteran" title="Veteran">veteran</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Hapkido" title="Hapkido">hapkido</a> master. He defends the hippie-themed Freedom School (inspired by <a href="/wiki/Prescott_College" title="Prescott College">Prescott College</a>) and its students from townspeople who do not understand or like the <a href="/wiki/Counterculture" title="Counterculture">counterculture</a> students. The school is organized by its director, Jean Roberts.
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</p><p>One of the troubled youths is a girl named Barbara, who became pregnant while in San Francisco and has an abusive father. A group of children of various races from the school goes to town for ice cream but are refused service. They are then abused and humiliated by Bernard Posner, the son of the county's corrupt <a href="/wiki/Political_boss" title="Political boss">political boss</a> Stuart Posner, and his gang. This prompts a violent outburst by Billy.
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</p><p>Billy undergoes a Navajo initiation in which he is deliberately bitten by a large <a href="/wiki/Rattlesnake" title="Rattlesnake">rattlesnake</a>, intending to become the blood brother to the snake. Meanwhile, Barbara loses her unborn child when the horse she is riding stumbles on a rock, leading to her falling off the horse.
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</p><p>Bernard attempts to sexually assault a woman in his car, but is stopped by Jean and Billy, who give Bernard a choice: either receive a dislocated elbow or drive his Corvette into the lake. Bernard chooses the latter. Later, Bernard kidnaps and rapes Jean, and also murders a Native American student, Martin.
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</p><p>Billy confronts Bernard, whom he catches in bed with a 13-year-old girl, and sustains a gunshot wound before killing him with a hand strike to the throat. After barricading himself following a climactic shootout with the police and pleading from Jean, Billy Jack surrenders to the authorities in exchange for a decade-long guarantee that the school will be allowed to continue running with Jean as its head.
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</p><p>As Billy is driven away in handcuffs, a large crowd of supporters <a href="/wiki/Raised_fist" title="Raised fist">raises their fists</a> in a show of defiance and support.
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</p>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cast">Cast</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billy_Jack&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;">
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Laughlin" title="Tom Laughlin">Tom Laughlin</a> as Billy Jack</li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Delores_Taylor" title="Delores Taylor">Delores Taylor</a> as Jean Roberts</li>
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<li>David Roya as Bernard Posner</li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Clark_Howat" title="Clark Howat">Clark Howat</a> as Sheriff Cole</li>
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<li>Victor Izay as Doctor</li>
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<li>Julie Webb as Barbara</li>
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<li>Debbie Schock as Kit</li>
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<li>Teresa Kelly as Carol</li>
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<li>Lynn Baker as Sarah</li>
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<li>Stan Rice as Martin</li>
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||
<li>John McClure as Dinosaur</li>
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<li>Susan Foster as Cindy</li>
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<li>Susan Sosa as Sunshine</li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Bert_Freed" title="Bert Freed">Bert Freed</a> as Mr. Stuart Posner</li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Tobey" title="Kenneth Tobey">Kenneth Tobey</a> as Deputy Mike</li>
|
||
<li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Hesseman" title="Howard Hesseman">Howard Hesseman</a> as Howard (credited as Don Sturdy)</li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Myerson" title="Alan Myerson">Alan Myerson</a> as O.K. Corralles</li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Stahl" title="Richard Stahl">Richard Stahl</a> as Council Chairman</li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Cisse_Cameron" title="Cisse Cameron">Cisse Cameron</a> as Miss False Eyelashes (credited as Cissie Colpitts)</li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Han_Bong-soo" title="Han Bong-soo">Han Bong-soo</a> Fight double for Tom Laughlin</li></ul>
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</div>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Box-office_and_critical_reception">Box-office and critical reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billy_Jack&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Box-office and critical reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
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<p><i>Billy Jack</i> holds a "Fresh" rating of 63% at <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a> based on 16 reviews, with an average grade of 5.4/10.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The website The Grindhouse Database, and the book <i>Search and Clear: Critical Responses to Selected Literature and Films of the Vietnam War</i> list this movie as belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Exploitation_Film#Vetsploitation_Films" class="mw-redirect" title="Exploitation Film">vetsploitation</a> subgenre.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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</p><p>Film critic <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Maltin" title="Leonard Maltin">Leonard Maltin</a> at first gave <i>Billy Jack</i> 3.5 stars out of 4, calling it "Uneven in spots but tremendously powerful." Later, he downgraded it to 1.5 stars, writing, "Seen today, its politics are highly questionable, and its 'message' of peace looks ridiculous, considering the amount of violence in the film."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Roger Ebert</a> gave the film 2.5 stars out of 4 and also saw the message of the film as self-contradictory, writing: "I'm also somewhat disturbed by the central theme of the movie. <i>Billy Jack</i> seems to be saying the same thing as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Born_Losers" title="The Born Losers">Born Losers</a></i>: that a gun is better than a constitution in the enforcement of justice."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Howard_Thompson_(film_critic)" title="Howard Thompson (film critic)">Howard Thompson</a>, writing for <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, agreed, calling the film "well-aimed but misguided" as he wrote, "For a picture that preaches pacifism, <i>Billy Jack</i> seems fascinated by its violence, of which it is full." He added that "some of the non-professional delivery of lines in the script by Mr. Frank and Teresa Christina is incredibly awful."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i> magazine opined that "the action frequently drags" and at nearly two hours' running length, "The message is rammed down the spectators" throats and is sorely in need of considerable editing to tell a straightforward story."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gene_Siskel" title="Gene Siskel">Gene Siskel</a> gave <i>Billy Jack</i> 3.5 stars out of 4, calling it "a film that tries to say too many things in too many ways within an adequate story line, but it has such freshness, original humor and compassion that one is frequently moved to genuine emotion".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Thomas_(film_critic)" title="Kevin Thomas (film critic)">Kevin Thomas</a>, in the <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>, also liked <i>Billy Jack</i>, praising its "searing tension that sustains it through careening unevenness to a smash finish. Crude and sensational yet urgent and pertinent, this provocative Warners release is in its unique, awkward way one of the year's important pictures."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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||
</p><p>Gary Arnold, writing for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>, panned <i>Billy Jack</i> as "horrendously self-righteous and devious", explaining, "Every social issue is dramatized in terms of absolute, apolitical good and evil. The good guys... are next to angelic, while the bad guys are, according to the needs of the moment, utter buffoons or utter devils. Anyone with the slightest trace of skepticism or sophistication would tend to reject the movie out of hand and with good reason, since this kind of simplification is dramatically and socially deceitful."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> David Wilson, in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Monthly_Film_Bulletin" title="The Monthly Film Bulletin">The Monthly Film Bulletin</a></i>, wrote: "If in the end <i>Billy Jack</i> is as much a sell-out as any glossier version of commercialized iconoclasm (Billy Jack is persuaded to accept guarantees which a hundred years of Indian history have repudiated), there is enough innocent sincerity in the film to demonstrate that Tom Laughlin at least has the courage of his convictions, even if those convictions are scarcely thought out."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
|
||
</p><p>Delores Taylor received a <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Awards" title="Golden Globe Awards">Golden Globe</a> nomination as Most Promising Newcoming Actress. Tom Laughlin won the grand prize for <i>Billy Jack</i> at the 1971 <a href="/wiki/Taormina_Film_Fest" title="Taormina Film Fest">Taormina Film Fest</a> in Italy.
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</p>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accolades">Accolades</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billy_Jack&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Accolades"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
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<p>The film is recognized by <a href="/wiki/American_Film_Institute" title="American Film Institute">American Film Institute</a> in these lists:
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</p>
|
||
<ul><li>2003: <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Heroes_%26_Villains" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains">AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains</a>:
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||
<ul><li>Billy Jack – Nominated Hero<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sequels">Sequels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billy_Jack&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sequels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
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<p>A direct sequel followed with <i><a href="/wiki/The_Trial_of_Billy_Jack" title="The Trial of Billy Jack">The Trial of Billy Jack</a></i> (1974). <i><a href="/wiki/Billy_Jack_Goes_to_Washington" title="Billy Jack Goes to Washington">Billy Jack Goes to Washington</a></i> (1977) followed three years later, but without a formal release. Plans for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_Billy_Jack" title="The Return of Billy Jack">The Return of Billy Jack</a></i> came and went in the mid-1980s.
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</p>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Soundtrack">Soundtrack</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billy_Jack&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Soundtrack"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vevent haudio"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary album" style="font-style: italic; color: inherit; background-color: gainsboro; font-size: 125%;">Billy Jack</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header description" style="color: #202122;background-color: gainsboro"><a href="/wiki/Soundtrack_album" title="Soundtrack album">Soundtrack album</a> by <div class="contributor" style="display:inline"><a href="/wiki/Mundell_Lowe" title="Mundell Lowe">Mundell Lowe</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Released</th><td class="infobox-data published">1972</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Recorded</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist">1971</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">Genre</a></th><td class="infobox-data category hlist"><a href="/wiki/Film_score" title="Film score">Film score</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label">Label</a></th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><a href="/wiki/Warner_Records" title="Warner Records">Warner Bros.</a><br /><small>WS 1926</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">Producer</a></th><td class="infobox-data hlist">Mundell Lowe</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header description" style="color: #202122;background-color: gainsboro"><a href="/wiki/Mundell_Lowe" title="Mundell Lowe">Mundell Lowe</a> chronology</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">
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<table style="color:inherit; background: transparent; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; display: inline-table;">
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<tbody><tr style="line-height: 1.4em;">
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<td style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em .2em 0"><i><a href="/wiki/Satan_in_High_Heels#Soundtrack" title="Satan in High Heels">Satan in High Heels</a></i><br />(1961)
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</td>
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||
<td style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em"><i><b>Billy Jack</b></i><br />(1972)
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</td>
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<td style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em 0 .2em .1em"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=California_Guitar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="California Guitar (page does not exist)">California Guitar</a></i><br />(1974)
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</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>
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<p>The <a href="/wiki/Film_score" title="Film score">film score</a> was composed, arranged and conducted by <a href="/wiki/Mundell_Lowe" title="Mundell Lowe">Mundell Lowe</a> and the soundtrack album was originally released on the <a href="/wiki/Warner_Records" title="Warner Records">Warner Bros.</a> label.<sup id="cite_ref-Mundell_Lowe_discography_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mundell_Lowe_discography-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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</p>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reception">Reception</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billy_Jack&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
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<p>The <a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a> review states "a strange and striking combination of styles that somehow is effective ... a listenable disc whose flaws only add to the warmth".<sup id="cite_ref-AllMusic_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AllMusic-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Cover_version" title="Cover version">cover</a> of Canadian band <a href="/wiki/The_Original_Caste" title="The Original Caste">The Original Caste</a>, the film's theme song, "<a href="/wiki/One_Tin_Soldier" title="One Tin Soldier">One Tin Soldier</a>" was recorded by Jinx Dawson, of the band Coven, with session musicians providing the backing and later a re-recording, renamed as "<a href="/wiki/One_Tin_Soldier" title="One Tin Soldier">One Tin Soldier (The Legend of Billy Jack)</a>", credited to the band <a href="/wiki/Coven_(band)" title="Coven (band)">Coven</a>, became a <a href="/wiki/Top_40" title="Top 40">Top 40</a> hit in 1971 and again in 1973.
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</p>
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<table class="wikitable floatright" style="width:24.2em;font-size:88%;text-align:center;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;padding:0;border-spacing:0"><caption style="font-size:115%">Professional ratings</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;color:#202122;background:#d1dbdf;font-size:100%">Review scores</th></tr><tr><th scope="col">Source</th><th scope="col">Rating</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><i><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i></td><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><span role="img" style="white-space:nowrap" title="3.5/5 stars"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="3.5/5 stars"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Star_half.svg/11px-Star_half.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Star_half.svg/17px-Star_half.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Star_half.svg/22px-Star_half.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/11px-Star_empty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/17px-Star_empty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/22px-Star_empty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-AllMusic_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AllMusic-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Track_listing">Track listing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billy_Jack&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Track listing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
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<p>All compositions by Mundell Lowe, except as indicated.
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</p>
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<ol><li>"<a href="/wiki/One_Tin_Soldier" title="One Tin Soldier">One Tin Soldier</a>" (Dennis Lambert, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Potter_(musician)" title="Brian Potter (musician)">Brian Potter</a>) – 3:18</li>
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<li>"Hello Billy Jack" – 0:45</li>
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<li>"Old and the New" – 1:00</li>
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<li>"Johnnie" (Teresa Kelly) – 2:35</li>
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||
<li>"Look, Look to the Mountain" (Kelly) – 1:40</li>
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<li>"When Will Billy Love Me" (Lynn Baker) – 3:24</li>
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<li>"Freedom Over Me" (Gwen Smith) – 0:35</li>
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||
<li>"All Forked Tongue Talk Alike" – 2:54</li>
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<li>"Challenge" – 2:20</li>
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<li>"Rainbow Made of Children" (Baker) – 3:50</li>
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<li>"Most Beautiful Day" – 0:30</li>
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<li>"An Indian Dance" – 1:15</li>
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<li>"Ceremonial Dance" – 1:59</li>
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<li>"Flick of the Wrist" – 2:15</li>
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<li>"It's All She Left Me" – 1:56</li>
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<li>"You Shouldn't Do That" – 3:21</li>
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<li>"Ring Song" (Katy Moffatt) – 4:25</li>
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<li>"Thy Loving Hand" – 1:35</li>
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||
<li>"Say Goodbye 'Cause You're Leavin'" – 2:36</li>
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<li>"The Theme from Billy Jack" – 2:21</li>
|
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<li>"One Tin Soldier (End Title)" (Lambert, Potter) – 1:06</li></ol>
|
||
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personnel">Personnel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billy_Jack&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Personnel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mundell_Lowe" title="Mundell Lowe">Mundell Lowe</a>: <a href="/wiki/Arrangement" title="Arrangement">arranger</a>, conductor</li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Coven_(band)" title="Coven (band)">Coven</a> featuring Jinx Dawson (tracks 1 & 21), Teresa Kelly (tracks 4 & 5), Lynn Baker (tracks 6 & 10), Gwen Smith (track 7), <a href="/wiki/Katy_Moffatt" title="Katy Moffatt">Katy Moffatt</a> (track 17): vocals</li>
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||
<li>Other unidentified musicians</li></ul>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billy_Jack&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
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<p>Marketed as an action film, the story focuses on the plight of Native Americans during the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights era</a>. It attained a <a href="/wiki/Cult_following" title="Cult following">cult following</a> among younger audiences due to its youth-oriented, anti-authority message and the then-novel martial arts fight scenes, which predate the <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Lee" title="Bruce Lee">Bruce Lee</a>/<a href="/wiki/Chinese_martial_arts" title="Chinese martial arts">kung fu</a> <a href="/wiki/Martial_arts_film" title="Martial arts film">movie</a> trend that followed.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The centerpiece of the film features Billy Jack, enraged over the mistreatment of his Native American friends, fighting racist thugs using <a href="/wiki/Hapkido" title="Hapkido">hapkido</a> techniques.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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</p><p>In 2019, it was revealed that writer-director <a href="/wiki/Quentin_Tarantino" title="Quentin Tarantino">Quentin Tarantino</a> and actor <a href="/wiki/Brad_Pitt" title="Brad Pitt">Brad Pitt</a> used the film and Laughlin's performance as an influence while developing Pitt's character Cliff Booth in <i><a href="/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_in_Hollywood" title="Once Upon a Time in Hollywood">Once Upon a Time in Hollywood</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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||
</p>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billy_Jack&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Legend_of_Billie_Jean" title="The Legend of Billie Jean">The Legend of Billie Jean</a></li></ul>
|
||
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billy_Jack&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
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<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
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<li id="cite_note-NYT-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYT_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWaxman2005" class="citation news cs1">Waxman, Sharon (June 20, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE2D9133EF933A15755C0A9639C8B63">"Billy Jack Is Ready to Fight the Good Fight Again"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140517184314/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE2D9133EF933A15755C0A9639C8B63">Archived</a> from the original on May 17, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Billy+Jack+Is+Ready+to+Fight+the+Good+Fight+Again&rft.date=2005-06-20&rft.aulast=Waxman&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9E0CE2D9133EF933A15755C0A9639C8B63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABilly+Jack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Variety-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Variety_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlady1996" class="citation magazine cs1">Klady, Leonard (November 11, 1996). "Revival of the fittest a Hollywood tradition". <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i>. p. 75.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Revival+of+the+fittest+a+Hollywood+tradition&rft.pages=75&rft.date=1996-11-11&rft.aulast=Klady&rft.aufirst=Leonard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABilly+Jack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2013/12/17/billy-jack-star-tom-laughlin-dead-82-152756">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Billy Jack' Star Tom Laughlin Dead at 82"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Country_Today" title="Indian Country Today">Indian Country Today Media Network</a></i>. December 17, 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131224053114/http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2013/12/17/billy-jack-star-tom-laughlin-dead-82-152756">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 13,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Country+Today+Media+Network&rft.atitle=%27Billy+Jack%27+Star+Tom+Laughlin+Dead+at+82&rft.date=2013-12-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com%2F2013%2F12%2F17%2Fbilly-jack-star-tom-laughlin-dead-82-152756&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABilly+Jack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/billy_jack/">"Billy Jack"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190505033804/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/billy_jack">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 8,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rotten+Tomatoes&rft.atitle=Billy+Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rottentomatoes.com%2Fm%2Fbilly_jack%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABilly+Jack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grindhousedatabase.com/index.php/Category:Vetsploitation">"Category. Vetsploitation. From The Grindhouse Cinema Database"</a>. <i>The Grindhouse Cinema Database</i>. February 4, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Grindhouse+Cinema+Database&rft.atitle=Category.+Vetsploitation.+From+The+Grindhouse+Cinema+Database&rft.date=2024-02-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grindhousedatabase.com%2Findex.php%2FCategory%3AVetsploitation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABilly+Jack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKern1988" class="citation book cs1">Kern, Louis J. (1988). "MIAs, Myth, and Macho Magic: Post-Apocalyptic Cinematic Visions of Vietnam". In Searle, William J. (ed.). <i>Search and Clear: Critical Responses to Selected Literature and Films of the Vietnam War</i>. Bowling Green State University Popular Press. pp. 43, 51, 52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87972-429-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-87972-429-3"><bdi>0-87972-429-3</bdi></a>. <q>[p.52] The Billy Jack cycle - <i>Billy Jack</i> (1971), <i>The Trial of Billy Jack</i> (1974), and <i>Billy Jack Goes to Washington</i> (1977) - about a half-breed vet who struggles against social evil and political corruption, is a more polished Vetsploitation venture. (...) The Billy Jack character (played by Tom Laughlin) had been introduced in one of the Vetsploitation motorcycle epics, <i>The Born Losers</i> (1967), which Laughlin had also directed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=MIAs%2C+Myth%2C+and+Macho+Magic%3A+Post-Apocalyptic+Cinematic+Visions+of+Vietnam&rft.btitle=Search+and+Clear%3A+Critical+Responses+to+Selected+Literature+and+Films+of+the+Vietnam+War&rft.pages=43%2C+51%2C+52&rft.pub=Bowling+Green+State+University+Popular+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-87972-429-3&rft.aulast=Kern&rft.aufirst=Louis+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABilly+Jack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaltin1995" class="citation book cs1">Maltin, Leonard, ed. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/leonardmaltinsmo00newy/page/116"><i>Leonard Maltin's 1996 Movie & Video Guide</i></a>. Signet. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/leonardmaltinsmo00newy/page/116">116</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-451-18505-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-451-18505-6"><bdi>0-451-18505-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leonard+Maltin%27s+1996+Movie+%26+Video+Guide&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=Signet&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-451-18505-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fleonardmaltinsmo00newy%2Fpage%2F116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABilly+Jack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbert1971" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Ebert, Roger</a> (August 2, 1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/billy-jack-1971">"Billy Jack"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/RogerEbert.com" title="RogerEbert.com">RogerEbert.com</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181116104455/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/billy-jack-1971">Archived</a> from the original on November 16, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RogerEbert.com&rft.atitle=Billy+Jack&rft.date=1971-08-02&rft.aulast=Ebert&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rogerebert.com%2Freviews%2Fbilly-jack-1971&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABilly+Jack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson1971" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Thompson_(film_critic)" title="Howard Thompson (film critic)">Thompson, Howard</a> (July 29, 1971). "A Misguided "Billy Jack"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>: 42.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Misguided+%22Billy+Jack%22&rft.pages=42&rft.date=1971-07-29&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Howard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABilly+Jack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Billy Jack". <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i>. May 5, 1971. p. 22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Billy+Jack&rft.pages=22&rft.date=1971-05-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABilly+Jack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Gene_Siskel" title="Gene Siskel">Siskel, Gene</a> (July 29, 1971). "Billy Jack". <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></i>. Section 2, p. 14.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Thomas_(film_critic)" title="Kevin Thomas (film critic)">Thomas, Kevin</a> (August 13, 1971). "Loner Theme in 'Billy Jack'". <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. Part IV, p. 10.</span>
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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnold1971" class="citation news cs1">Arnold, Gary (August 7, 1971). "Cowboys, Bigots, Kids and Indians". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. p. B6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Cowboys%2C+Bigots%2C+Kids+and+Indians&rft.pages=B6&rft.date=1971-08-07&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=Gary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABilly+Jack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1972" class="citation journal cs1">Wilson, David (September 1972). "Billy Jack". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Monthly_Film_Bulletin" title="The Monthly Film Bulletin">The Monthly Film Bulletin</a></i>. <b>39</b> (464): 184.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Monthly+Film+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Billy+Jack&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=464&rft.pages=184&rft.date=1972-09&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABilly+Jack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150921120917/http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/handv400.pdf">"AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains Nominees"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>American Film Institute</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/handv400.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on September 21, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 5,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Film+Institute&rft.atitle=AFI%27s+100+Years...100+Heroes+%26+Villains+Nominees&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afi.com%2FDocs%2F100Years%2Fhandv400.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABilly+Jack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-Mundell_Lowe_discography-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mundell_Lowe_discography_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120818163957/http://www.mundelllowe.com/discography.htm">"Mundell Lowe discography"</a>. <i>mundelllowe.com</i>. Archived from the original on August 18, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mundelllowe.com&rft.atitle=Mundell+Lowe+discography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mundelllowe.com%2Fdiscography.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABilly+Jack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-AllMusic-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AllMusic_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AllMusic_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFViglione" class="citation web cs1">Viglione, J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130204000014/http://www.allmusic.com/album/billy-jack-mw0000893211">"<i>Billy Jack</i> Original Soundtrack"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/album/billy-jack-mw0000893211">the original</a> on February 4, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Billy+Jack+Original+Soundtrack&rft.aulast=Viglione&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fbilly-jack-mw0000893211&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABilly+Jack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2007" class="citation news cs1">Stewart, Jocelyn Y. (January 14, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-jan-14-me-han14-story.html">"Bong Soo Han, 73; grand master of hapkido won film fans for martial arts"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Bong+Soo+Han%2C+73%3B+grand+master+of+hapkido+won+film+fans+for+martial+arts&rft.date=2007-01-14&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Jocelyn+Y.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2007-jan-14-me-han14-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABilly+Jack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacLaughlin1972" class="citation magazine cs1">MacLaughlin, Bob (March 1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YtgDAAAAMBAJ&dq=Han+Bong-soo&pg=PA20">"Those Fabulous Fight Scenes of Billy Jack"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Black_Belt_(magazine)" title="Black Belt (magazine)">Black Belt</a></i>. Vol. 10, no. 3. Active Interest Media. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0277-3066">0277-3066</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2022</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Black+Belt&rft.atitle=Those+Fabulous+Fight+Scenes+of+Billy+Jack&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=20&rft.date=1972-03&rft.issn=0277-3066&rft.aulast=MacLaughlin&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYtgDAAAAMBAJ%26dq%3DHan%2BBong-soo%26pg%3DPA20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABilly+Jack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollis2019" class="citation magazine cs1">Collis, Clark (July 3, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ew.com/movies/2019/07/03/quentin-tarantino-once-upon-a-time-in-hollywood-inspiration-podcast/">"Quentin Tarantino talks <i>Once Upon a Time in Hollywood</i> inspiration on podcast"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Weekly" title="Entertainment Weekly">Entertainment Weekly</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190705201831/https://ew.com/movies/2019/07/03/quentin-tarantino-once-upon-a-time-in-hollywood-inspiration-podcast/">Archived</a> from the original on July 5, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Entertainment+Weekly&rft.atitle=Quentin+Tarantino+talks+Once+Upon+a+Time+in+Hollywood+inspiration+on+podcast&rft.date=2019-07-03&rft.aulast=Collis&rft.aufirst=Clark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Few.com%2Fmovies%2F2019%2F07%2F03%2Fquentin-tarantino-once-upon-a-time-in-hollywood-inspiration-podcast%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABilly+Jack" class="Z3988"></span></span>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Billy_Jack&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div>
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<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.billyjack.com/">Laughlin's official Billy Jack web site</a></li>
|
||
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0066832/"><i>Billy Jack</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li>
|
||
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/billy_jack"><i>Billy Jack</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2027905#P1258" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li>
|
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<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blackbelttv.com"><i>Billy Jack</i></a> at BLACK BELT TV The Martial Arts Network</li>
|
||
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.popcultureaddict.com/close/davidroya.htm">The Man Who Made Billy Jack Go Berserk: A Conversation with David Roya</a>—Interview with <i>Billy Jack</i> co-star David "Bernard Posner" Roya</li>
|
||
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dvdtalk.com/reviews/38319/complete-billy-jack-collection-the-born-losers-billy-jack-the-trial-of-billy-jack-billy-jack-goes-to-washington-the/">DVD review of the <i>Billy Jack</i> series and production history</a></li>
|
||
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.villagevoice.com/runninscared/2010/12/billy_jack_is_t.php#more">A vision of American multiplicity</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140305083544/http://blogs.villagevoice.com/runninscared/2010/12/billy_jack_is_t.php#more">Archived</a> 2014-03-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Village_Voice" title="The Village Voice">The Village Voice</a></i> review, August 19, 1971</li></ul>
|
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<div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tom_Laughlin37" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tom_Laughlin" title="Template:Tom Laughlin"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tom_Laughlin" title="Template talk:Tom Laughlin"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tom_Laughlin" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tom Laughlin"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tom_Laughlin37" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Laughlin" title="Tom Laughlin">Tom Laughlin</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films directed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
|
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<ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Proper_Time" title="The Proper Time">The Proper Time</a></i> (1960)</li>
|
||
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Like_Father,_Like_Son_(1961_film)" title="Like Father, Like Son (1961 film)">Like Father, Like Son</a></i> (1961)</li>
|
||
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Born_Losers" title="The Born Losers">The Born Losers</a></i> (1967)</li>
|
||
<li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Billy Jack</a></i> (1971)</li>
|
||
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Trial_of_Billy_Jack" title="The Trial of Billy Jack">The Trial of Billy Jack</a></i> (1974)</li>
|
||
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Master_Gunfighter" title="The Master Gunfighter">The Master Gunfighter</a></i> (1975)</li>
|
||
<li><i><a href="/wiki/Billy_Jack_Goes_to_Washington" title="Billy Jack Goes to Washington">Billy Jack Goes to Washington</a></i> (1977)</li>
|
||
<li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_Billy_Jack" title="The Return of Billy Jack">The Return of Billy Jack</a></i> (1986; unreleased)</li></ul>
|
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</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Delores_Taylor" title="Delores Taylor">Delores Taylor</a> (wife)</li></ul>
|
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<form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button">
|
||
<div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved">
|
||
<div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon">
|
||
<input
|
||
class="cdx-text-input__input"
|
||
|
||
type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia">
|
||
<span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search">
|
||
</div>
|
||
<button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button>
|
||
</form>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar">
|
||
<nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark">
|
||
|
||
<div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" >
|
||
<input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" >
|
||
<label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span>
|
||
</label>
|
||
<div class="vector-dropdown-content">
|
||
|
||
<div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container">
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</nav>
|
||
<div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><i>Billy Jack</i></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true">
|
||
<div class="vector-sticky-header-icons">
|
||
<a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span>
|
||
|
||
<span></span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span>
|
||
|
||
<span></span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span>
|
||
|
||
<span></span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span>
|
||
|
||
<span></span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span>
|
||
|
||
<span></span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span>
|
||
|
||
<span></span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
<a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span>
|
||
|
||
<span></span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons">
|
||
<button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span>
|
||
|
||
<span>8 languages</span>
|
||
</button>
|
||
<a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span>
|
||
|
||
<span>Add topic</span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end">
|
||
<div class="vector-user-links">
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom">
|
||
<ul></ul>
|
||
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<script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Billy Jack","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Billy_Jack","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2027905","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2027905","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-09-07T19:09:33Z","dateModified":"2025-02-15T04:18:21Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/4\/48\/Billy_Jack_poster.jpg","headline":"1971 film directed by Tom Laughlin"}</script>
|
||
</body>
|
||
</html>
|
